F, G, H, I, J

Chia, also known as Salvia hispanica, is a plant from the Lamiaceae family, originally from central and southern Mexico and Guatemala. The Aztecs cultivated this plant even before Columbus discovered America, and chia seeds were used as currency to the rulers. Today, chia is still prized in Mexico and Guatemala; the ground seeds are used in dishes, while whole seeds are often added to nutritious drinks.
The main purpose of growing chia is for its seeds, which are rich in omega-3 fatty acids. About 25-30% of the seed contains vegetable oil, including alpha-linolenic acid (ALA). Chia seeds are small and oval, about 1 mm in diameter, and have a color palette of brown, gray-black and white.

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) is a plant that belongs to the Apiaceae family. The plant has a characteristic, anise-like flavor. Both the thread-like leaves and the seeds are used as herbs and spices in various cuisines.
Fennel originates from Asia and the Mediterranean and was introduced to Europe via medieval trade routes. Fennel is particularly widely cultivated in Southern Europe, where it is frequently used in salads and cooked dishes.
Fennel seed has a long history of traditional use. In the past, chewing fennel seeds was part of certain customs and rituals, including religious traditions.
Fennel seeds are used in a variety of applications, such as spice blends, teas, and aromatic extracts. Fennel oil, which is used for its characteristic aroma, can also be extracted from the seeds.

Fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum), also known as fenugreek, fenugreek, or Greek hay, is a versatile plant native to the Mediterranean and later became popular in parts of Asia.
The aromatic seeds and leaves are widely used as a spice in Indian cuisine and can help soften bitter flavors in dishes or products. Fenugreek contains minerals such as iron and copper, and naturally occurring compounds like saponins and coumarins, the latter contributing to its characteristic hay-like aroma.

Hops (Humulus lupulus) are a hardy, perennial climbing plant belonging to the hemp family (Cannabaceae). The name lupulus may be derived from the Latin word lupus (wolf), which refers to the way the plant twines itself around other plants.
Hops have a long cultural history. The plant was already valued by the ancient Babylonians and Egyptians for its aromatic properties. Later, hops became a staple ingredient in beer production, where they continue to play an important role today due to their characteristic flavor and aroma. Hops were also frequently described in herbals and other historical sources during the Middle Ages.

The juniper (Juniperus communis) is a conifer native to Europe, Asia, and North America. The plant bears both flowers and berries, which vary in color from green to black as they ripen. The name Juniperus derives from the Celtic word juneprus, meaning rough, prickly, or bitter, while communis means "common."
The black berries of the juniper have a characteristically bitter and aromatic flavor. It takes about three years for the berries to fully ripen: in the first year, the flowers appear, in the second year they turn green, and in the third year they turn blue and then black or dark purple.